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Polyamide

   HULSHOF knittings

NNylon

Nylon is the generic name of a group synthetic polymers, which also polyamides are called. The most important nylon types have been discovered the thirties by the research workers of the chemical company DuPont. Nylon has a lot of applications, from panty hose to mount climbing tie, think nylon is no longer in our society.

Chemistry

Most of types nylon become gesynthetiseerd condensation polymerisation (polycondensation) of dicarbonzuur and diamine. There a copolymer arises where the two monomeren vary each other in the polymer barracks. The most well-known alternative is nylon 6.6 where the first 6 stands for the 6 carbon atoms of the diamine (1,6-hexaandiamine) and the Second 6 for the 6 carbon atoms of the dicarbonzuur (hexaandizuur). There is also nylon 4.6, existing from 1,4-butaandiamine and hexaandizuur. The general response for the shaping of polyamide dicarbonzuur and diamine are:

Beside nylon also water it is formed. Instead of dicarbonzuur also dizuurchloride can be used, then hydrogen hydrochlorate is formed instead of water. Another much used nylon type is nylon 6. These nylon is made polymerisation of caprolactam. This polymerisation is no condensation polymerisation, but so-called open-ring a polymerisation [1]

Important properties of nylons are the formality and the melting point. These are stipulated by strengths with which the carbon chains attract each other. How stronger the molecules attract each other, how dense they will hold course in kristallijne form against each other and how more difficult it will be sever the bonds between the chains, with physical strength or with a temperature increase. Attraction between carbon chains are stipulated by the hydrogen bridges between the CO and NH-groepen in adjoining chains. The size of these intermoleculaire strength is mainly stipulated by the length and/or the nature of the carbon chains in the dizuur or in the diamine. Take for example nylon 4.6. These nylon has smelttemperatuur of 295°C, whereas the smelttemperatuur of nylon 6.6 263°C are. By the shorter diamine lie in nylon 4.6, in comparison with nylon 6.6, the hydrogen bridges between the chains dense at each other. [2] as both the dizuur and the diamine contain a benzene ring, then aramide are formed. Aramides (an astringency of `aromatic polyamides) analyze at warming, are very strong and heat-resistant, and are among other things used in bulletproof vests.

To obtain nylons still higher mechanical properties are usually mixed with glass fibers. One gets then treksterktes of the same size order as metal. Metal is however still much less flexible than plastic.

Beside nylons and - panty hose is other applications for example strings for music instruments such as the jet ear or the harp, or cables in several cross-sections. Nylon cables is used to moor sea ships.

In technique glasses and/or mineral-filled nylon is generally used. Examples are cog wheels in printers and copiers, and all kinds of other small components as hefboompjes and palletjes. In car industry much glass-filled is used for metal nylon to replace. The advantages are there mainly the large weight saving, combined with a simple manner of fabricatie (spuitgieten), what means a strong cost reduction.

Name

The name nylon was made on 27 October 1938 public Charles Stine, director of the chemical department of DuPont. Concerning the production of the name several tales do the round, an official tale and a legend. The official and most probable ontstaansgeschiedenis is the following. Then strained a commission of three scientists became was composed to a suitable name for the new material. Of the commission members, Dr. E.K. thing, norun presented, because it was thought that new (nylon) stockings hardly ladderen. Then appeared that the stockings that, however, did put thing the name to change in nuron. This layman surplus on neuron, and was however rejected. Replacement of the r by a l gave nulon to the name, however new nulon did not sound nice. There was suggested for you to replace by i, but that reflected problems at the pronouncement (must these i as need or are pronounced as nine?). Eventually i it was replaced by a y. [3] the problem of the pronouncement had been remedied and nylon was born.

The legend is more interesting, and is an classic example of the inclination of Engels-sprekenden humoristic, sarcastic or offending make versions of acronyms. It was not already too difficult Now You Lose Old Nippon or consider Now You Lousy Old Nippon. Nylon was a large threat to the Japanese side industry, which dominated the world market of fibers and substances. Moreover the period became in which nylon gesynthetiseerd was produced and, characterized by strong anti-Japanse feelings. An American success was accompanied with the wish Japan at schofferen. This tale arose with the ontstaan of nylon in 1938, and spread himself approximately at the same time super-fast concerning America. The impact and reputation were so large that DuPont in 1941, in a Japanese newspaper denied that nylon an offending acronym would be. This actionaction action avail has been possible, because such as a good legend becomes, is these up to today the day much more known than the official tale. [4]

Another legend says that nylon forms the abbreviations of the two cities New York and LONdon. The Duitsers a synthetic material could have made that the same properties shows. Then a large-scale project was set up under the english and Americans to be able produce such a material themselves. This project was called then nylon.